SUB-STATION

SUBSTATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generation station consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltage and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltage.(outdoor substation,indoor substation)


TYPES OF SUBSTATION
Transmission substation
Distribution substation
Collector substation
Converter substation



Types of feeders system:
Redial feeders
Parallel feeders
Ring feeders
Meshed


ENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
Current transformer are used for measuring energy consumption on the power grid. A current is to any other transformer. When a current is too high to measure directly or the voltage of the circuit is too high, a current transformer can be used to provide an isolated lower current in its secondary witch is proportional to the current in the primary circuit.



CIRCUIT BREAKER (CB)
A disconnect switch is used to provide isolation, since it cannot interrupt load current. A circuit breaker is used as protection device to interrupt fault currents automatically, direction. It and may be used to switch loads on and off, or to cut off a line when power is flowing in the wrong has been used in
Substation,switchgear and power industry.



VOLTAGE/POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)
Voltage transformer (VT), also called potential transformer (PT), are parallel connected types of instrument transformer. They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.



SURGE/LIGHTING ARRESTER
A lighting arrester is a device used on electrical power system and telecommunications system to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high voltage terminal and ground terminal.


DISCONNECTOR SWITCH
In electrical engineering, a disconnector, disconnect switch or isolated switch is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for service or maintenance. Such switch are often found in electrical distribution and industrial applications. Where machinery must have it source of driving power removed for adjustment or repair. High voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations to allow isolation apparatus such as circuit breakers, transformer, and transmission lines. For maintenance.


STEP-UP TRANSFORMAR
Step-up transformer use for step-up transmission voltage.


STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMAR
Step-down transformer use for step-down transmission voltage

BUSBAR ARRANGEMENT

Single bus bar system.
Single bus with sectionaliser system.
Single bus & transfer system.
Double bus bar system.
Double bus with sectionaliser system.
Double bus & transfer bus system.
Double bus & transfer bus with sectionaliser system.
One and half breaker system.
One and half breaker with sectionaliser system.

FUSE
In electrical distribution fuse to protect  distribution transformers from current surge and overloads. An over current  cause by a fault in the transformer or customer circuit  will cause the fuse to melt, disconnection the transformer from the line.


Substation materials tools list. 10 MVA(2*5MVA),33/11 KV substation
SL.NO
Name of materials
Need

1
5 MVA, 33/11 KV, 3-phase transformer
2 p

2
3-phase 200A, 33KV isolator
3 p

3
33 KV lightning arrester
1 p

4
3-phase 11KV,5MVAR capacitor
2 P

5
Hard drawn copper conductor 4 SWG without insulation
115m(110kg)

6
Hard drawn copper conductor 6 SWG
200m(8kg)

7
11KV 3-core XTPE insulated alumoniam cable 240mm2
50m

8